ELMER BELT FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE COLLECTION/UNIV. The length of each radial line is proportional to the death rate for that month, with a big spike in deaths in January 1855. Green represents preventable deaths due to disease, red is wounds and gray is all other causes. These “bat’s wing” diagrams, precursors to the rose charts, compare causes of English soldiers’ deaths during the Crimean War from April 1854 to March 1855 by month (right) with deaths from April 1855 to March 1856 (left). Nightingale put an erratum on the figureĪnd stopped using it, showing she arrived at her iconic rose chart through
The text accompanying the diagrams suggested the shaded areas, not the radial The length ofĮach radial line is proportional to the death rate for that month, with a large
Theseĭiagrams were meant to show that sanitation efforts implemented in army campsĪnd hospitals during the war dramatically cut soldiers’ deaths. In one example, NightingaleĬompares causes of English soldiers’ deaths during the Crimean War from Aprilġ854 to March 1855 by month with deaths from April 1855 to March 1856. “bat’s wing” diagrams were precursors to the rose charts. To take 1,100 men per out upon Salisbury Plain and shoot them.” Here, Nightingale uses a bar chart to compare the mortality rate during peacetime of male English civilians (black bars) with English soldiers (red) in four age groups. Mortality of 17, 19 and 20 per 1,000 in the Line Artillery and Guards inĮngland when that of civil life in towns is only 11 per 1, 000 as it would be Was incensed by her finding, writing in 1857: “t is as criminal to have a She used a barĬhart to show that soldiers, even during peacetime, were dying at roughlyĭouble the rate of civilians, due to especially bad sanitation in English Preventable diseases than male civilians, even during peacetime. One example, Nightingale showed that soldiers were much more likely to die of Of other charts to help convince the general public, medical staff and
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE FACTS SERIES
Graph wasn’t Nightingale’s only attempt at data visualization: She made a series The left chart shows how simple public health measures save lives. The rose chart on the right is from before sanitation measures were implemented in English army hospitals and camps during the war, and the chart on the left is after. (Black is all other causes of death.) Each wedge represents a month. Nightingale’s most famous data visualization shows how many more English soldiers were dying of cholera and other preventable diseases (blue) than battle wounds (red) during the Crimean War. Were dying of diseases, such as cholera, typhus and dysentery, than battle wounds.
Soldiers’ horrific living conditions - dirty linens, clothes infested with liceĪnd fleas, and rats hiding under the beds. Make the graph, Nightingale used data she and medical staff collected whileĬaring for English soldiers in army hospitals and camps.
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